{"id":2791,"date":"2020-01-07T09:51:37","date_gmt":"2020-01-07T09:51:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icoca.ch\/2020\/01\/07\/east-africa-mission-2019\/"},"modified":"2021-12-03T12:04:29","modified_gmt":"2021-12-03T12:04:29","slug":"east-africa-mission-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icoca.ch\/fr\/2020\/01\/07\/east-africa-mission-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"MISSION AFRIQUE DE L’EST 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vue d’ensemble<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ce au g\u00e9n\u00e9reux soutien du minist\u00e8re britannique des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et du Commonwealth, la deuxi\u00e8me d’une s\u00e9rie de missions sur le terrain en 2019 et 2020 a eu lieu en octobre-novembre 2019 en Afrique de l’Est. La mission de deux semaines au Sud-Soudan, au Kenya et en Tanzanie a permis \u00e0 l’\u00e9quipe d’ICoCA de rencontrer les membres actuels et futurs des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es afin d’\u00e9valuer leur mise en \u0153uvre des exigences du code, de sensibiliser les clients des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile \u00e0 ICoCA et de rencontrer les autorit\u00e9s de r\u00e9gulation. La mission a grandement b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 du soutien de deux organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, le forum Usalama Reforms au Kenya et le WATED en Tanzanie, tous deux membres d’ICoCA.<\/p>\n

Le paysage de l’industrie de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Afrique de l’Est<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chacun des trois pays visit\u00e9s poss\u00e8de un environnement op\u00e9rationnel unique. Le secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e du Sud-Soudan est peu important par rapport au nombre de militaires et de policiers. Avec seulement une vingtaine de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es locales et une poign\u00e9e de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s internationales, le secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e au Sud-Soudan se caract\u00e9rise par sa nature nationale, avec des clients issus de l’industrie extractive, des Nations unies, des ONG, des missions diplomatiques et de la police sud-soudanaise.<\/p>\n

En revanche, le march\u00e9 de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e au Kenya a connu une croissance substantielle au cours des deux derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies et on estime aujourd’hui qu’il est environ quatre fois plus important que les services de police, militaires et p\u00e9nitentiaires du pays r\u00e9unis. Plus de 2 500 soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es, locales et internationales, op\u00e8rent au Kenya, employant plus d’un demi-million de gardes, ce qui en fait le premier employeur du pays. Le secteur est toutefois connu pour ses mauvaises conditions de travail, car de nombreuses entreprises paient leurs employ\u00e9s en dessous du salaire minimum. Les principaux clients sont les entreprises du secteur extractif, les missions diplomatiques, les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s r\u00e9sidentielles et les ONG. Bien que le Kenya dispose de deux associations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e, la majorit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e ne sont membres d’aucune de ces associations.<\/p>\n

Le secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Tanzanie a \u00e9galement connu une croissance \u00e9norme au cours des deux derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, avec environ 1 000 soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e op\u00e9rant maintenant dans le pays et employant environ 300 000 personnes. Le Kenya et la Tanzanie sont \u00e9galement en pleine r\u00e9forme du secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, bien que le Kenya soit plus avanc\u00e9 dans ce processus avec l’adoption de la loi sur la r\u00e9glementation de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en 2016. Le port d’armes \u00e0 feu est actuellement interdit au personnel de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e au Kenya et pour la plupart des entreprises, au Soudan non plus, tandis qu’en Tanzanie, les armes \u00e0 feu sont autoris\u00e9es pour le personnel de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Rencontre avec les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les membres du secr\u00e9tariat d’ICoCA ont rencontr\u00e9 six soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au cours de la mission, y compris des membres d’ICoCA et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s membres potentielles. Des r\u00e9unions avec les \u00e9quipes de direction ont eu lieu pour examiner les politiques et les protocoles. Les pratiques et proc\u00e9dures de recrutement et de formation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9es, et une attention particuli\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 accord\u00e9e aux politiques et proc\u00e9dures relatives \u00e0 l’exploitation et aux abus sexuels et \u00e0 la violence sexiste. Les membres de l’\u00e9quipe d’ICoCA ont \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 locale dans le nord du Kenya, pour en savoir plus sur un mod\u00e8le de mentorat innovant parrain\u00e9 par le client entre une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 membre de ICoCA et une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 locale. Ce mod\u00e8le est prometteur pour amener les entreprises locales au niveau des normes internationales et a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par ICoCA \u00e0 des clients de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es travaillant \u00e9galement dans le secteur des industries extractives lors d’un\u00a0<\/span>recent webinar<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Visite d’une entreprise membre, Nairobi, novembre 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Engagement des clients<\/h3>\n

Des rencontres individuelles ont eu lieu avec les clients des entreprises membres dans les trois pays. Il s’agissait d’entreprises, de missions diplomatiques, de l’ONU et d’autres organisations humanitaires. Parall\u00e8lement \u00e0 ces r\u00e9unions bilat\u00e9rales, ICoCA a \u00e9galement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 une r\u00e9union de l’Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) \u00e0 Juba et \u00e0 la East African Humanitarian Conference \u00e0 Nairobi, ce qui a permis de mieux faire conna\u00eetre ICoCA aupr\u00e8s de nombreuses organisations humanitaires pr\u00e9sentes qui font appel \u00e0 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Conf\u00e9rence humanitaire d’Afrique de l’Est, Nairobi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ateliers des organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Deux ateliers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9s afin de mieux faire conna\u00eetre l’association et son travail et d’approfondir leur compr\u00e9hension des enjeux de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e. \u00c0 Nairobi, 18 organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile ont \u00e9t\u00e9 convoqu\u00e9es de toute l’Afrique, y compris des organisations bas\u00e9es au Kenya, en Tanzanie, en \u00c9thiopie, en Sierra Leone, en Ouganda, au Ghana, au Nigeria et en Somalie. La r\u00e9union d’une journ\u00e9e \u00e0 Nairobi comprenait la pr\u00e9sentation d’une \u00e9tude de base sur le secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e au Kenya par Usalama Reforms et s’est termin\u00e9e par une interaction entre les OSC et trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e membres. \u00c0 Dar es Salaam, dix organisations nationales de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile se sont r\u00e9unies pour une r\u00e9union qui a permis de sensibiliser \u00e0 nouveau les gens \u00e0 ICoCA et au Code et qui a inclus la pr\u00e9sentation d’une \u00e9tude de base sur le secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e en Tanzanie par WATED.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Atelier des OSC, Dar es Salaam, novembre 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/h3>\n

R\u00e9union avec les autorit\u00e9s r\u00e9glementaires en Tanzanie et l’Acad\u00e9mie de formation au Kenya<\/strong><\/h3>\n

L’\u00e9quipe de ICoCA a rencontr\u00e9 le commissaire de police charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations et de la formation de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e (IGP), qui d\u00e9pend du minist\u00e8re de l’int\u00e9rieur en Tanzanie. Les repr\u00e9sentants de l’IGP ont donn\u00e9 un aper\u00e7u de l’environnement r\u00e9glementaire tanzanien en ce qui concerne les services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e et ont inform\u00e9 l’\u00e9quipe d’ICoCA des discussions en cours sur une nouvelle loi en cours de r\u00e9daction pour r\u00e9glementer et superviser le secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e. L’Acad\u00e9mie de formation \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e (PSTA) travaille en \u00e9troite collaboration avec les autorit\u00e9s kenyanes pour piloter un nouveau programme de formation. ICoCA a visit\u00e9 les installations de la PSTA et a \u00e9t\u00e9 inform\u00e9e du corriculum en cours de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Visite \u00e0 la Private Security Training Academic (PSTA), Nairobi, Kenya<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D’autres photos de la mission peuvent \u00eatre consult\u00e9es ici<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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